One of the fundamental aims of visual neuroscience is to understand the computational principles underlying biological vision. We also discuss currently unavailable data that could be useful for biologically accurate models. Moreover, V5 neurons are distinct from neurons in other areas for their higher direction selectivity, higher contrast sensitivity, higher temporal frequency tuning, and wider SF bandwidth. Overall, the optimal spatial frequency (SF) of constituent neurons decreases with cortical hierarchy. Physiologically, tuning of neuronal responses to 11 types of visual stimulus parameters has been consistently reported. Moreover, within V1, there are reports of 286 and 120 types of intrinsic excitatory and inhibitory connections, respectively. The literature reports 14 anatomical connection types from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to V1 having distinct layers of origin or termination, and 194 connection types between V1, V2, and V5, forming multiple parallel and interacting visual processing streams. To facilitate the generation of biologically accurate computational models of primate early visual processing, here we provide an overview of over 350 published studies of these three areas in the genus Macaca, whose visual system provides the closest model for human vision. Areas V1, V2, and V5/MT are conserved across mammals and are central for visual behavior.

The cerebral cortex of primates encompasses multiple anatomically and physiologically distinct areas processing visual information.

T mariani 402 935 7733